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Cell Energy Practice Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The most important result of any type of photosynthesis is the
a.
removal of carbon dioxide from the air.
b.
conversion of light energy to chemical energy.
c.
breakdown of water by light.
d.
release of water into the air.
 

 2. 
Chlorophyll absorbs light
a.
in the violet/blue and orange/red range.
b.
of all visible wavelengths.
c.
in the black/white and orange/yellow range.
d.
primarily in the green range.
 

 3. 
Which word equation summarizes the overall reactions of photosynthesis?
a.
oxygen + water® sugar + carbon dioxide
b.
sugar + water ® carbon dioxide + oxygen
c.
carbon dioxide + water ® oxygen + sugar
d.
none of the above
 

 4. 
The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are
a.
H2O, CO2, and ATP.
c.
NADPH, H2O, and ADP.
b.
O2, NADPH, and ATP.
d.
O2, ATP, and CO2.
 

 5. 
Which type of plant will have an advantage as CO2 levels rise in the atmosphere
a.
C3
c.
CAM
b.
C4
d.
They will all benefit equally
 

 6. 
Yeast cells are used in fermenting grape juice into wine. Since they are facultative anaerobes, they
a.
begin fermenting as soon as they are activated.
b.
ferment only after O2 in solution has been used up.
c.
directly convert glucose to pyruvate.
d.
remove phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate.
 

 7. 
For several centuries, people believed that a plant grew because its roots consumed soil. To test this hypothesis, which of the following tests would give you the most convincing data?
a.
Cover the plant for 2 weeks with a black cloth.
b.
Transplant the plant into a tub of water.
c.
Weigh both the plant and the soil at the beginning and end of a growing season.
d.
Cut away the soil to expose a root, and observe the process.
 

 8. 
In the light reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by
a.
chlorophyll and given off as high-energy electrons.
b.
water and given off as oxygen molecules.
c.
carbon dioxide and given off as oxygen.
d.
carbohydrates and given off as energy.
 

 9. 
Most complex organisms (such as plants, animals, and fungi) are either
a.
photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs.
b.
photoautotrophs or heterotrophs.
c.
heterotrophs or herbivores.
d.
heterotrophs or chemoautotrophs.
 
 


cellenergypracticet_files/i0110000.jpg

      Figure 04.03

The graph shows the relationship between the photosynthetic rate of a plant and the color of light falling on the plant.
 

 10. 
Refer to Figure 04.03.  If suddenly only green light reached the earth, which of the following would most likely occur?
a.
Photosynthetic rate would increase.
b.
Carbon dioxide in the air would increase.
c.
The number of animals in the world would increase.
d.
Oxygen content of the air would increase.
 

 11. 
All organisms need
a.
a source of energy and a source of carbon compounds.
b.
a source of oxygen and a source of carbon compounds.
c.
a source of energy and a source of oxygen.
d.
a source of carbon and a source of electrons.
 
 
Compare the light reactions and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis in the following question(s).
 

 12. 
Carbon dioxide is used.
a.
occurs during the light reactions
c.
occurs during both phases
b.
occurs during the Calvin cycle
d.
does not occur during either phase
 

 13. 
During photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms in water molecules
a.
help form carbohydrates.
b.
help form both carbohydrates and water.
c.
end up as oxygen gas.
d.
act as hydrogen-acceptor molecules.
 

 14. 
CAM plants
a.
open their stomates only during light hours.
b.
can survive intense heat but grow slowly.
c.
grow faster than C3 and C4 plants.
d.
release CO2 through their stomates.
 
 


cellenergypracticet_files/i0180000.jpg

      Figure 04.04

The graph shows the relationship between temperature and the number of bubbles given off by an aquatic plant during daylight.
 

 15. 
Refer to Figure 04.04.  At the beginning of an observation period, bubbles were being given off at the rate of 160 per minute. After 5 minutes, the number of bubbles per minute had increased by 40. Which of the following changes in temperature is most likely to have produced these results?
a.
a decrease from 45ºC to 37ºC
c.
a decrease from 50ºC to 42ºC
b.
an increase from 37ºC to 42ºC
d.
an increase from 30ºC to 37ºC
 

 16. 
A large part of the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since 1800 is probably due to
a.
burning of fossil fuels.
c.
overpopulation of humans.
b.
photosynthesis.
d.
toxic wastes.
 

 17. 
Which of the following causes pain and cramps in our oxygen-starved muscles?
a.
lactic acid
c.
pyruvate
b.
alcohol
d.
ATP
 
 


cellenergypracticet_files/i0220000.jpg

      Figure 05.03
 

 18. 
Refer to Figure 05.03.  If A is glucose and B is NAD+, what is represented by B*?
a.
ATP
c.
NADH
b.
ADP
d.
NADPH
 

 19. 
Which of the following is analogous to how energy is released during electron transfer in both photosynthesis and cell respiration?
a.
winding up an alarm clock
b.
throwing a rock into a pond to create ripples
c.
a ball bouncing down a flight of stairs
d.
setting off a firecracker
 

 20. 
Which pathway involves the rearrangement of carbon compounds?
a.
Krebs cycle
c.
electron transport system
b.
Calvin cycle
d.
both A and B
 

 21. 
In which pathway is NADH formed?
a.
Krebs cycle
c.
electron transport system
b.
Calvin cycle
d.
both A and B
 

 22. 
Which pathway consumes ATP?
a.
Krebs cycle
c.
electron transport system
b.
Calvin cycle
d.
both A and B
 

 23. 
When the demand for energy is low, animals convert
a.
glucose to glycogen and then to fat.
b.
fat to glycogen and then to glucose.
c.
glycogen to fat and then to glucose.
d.
glucose to fat and then to glycogen.
 

 24. 
If a small fish were placed in a beaker of water containing the pH indicator bromothymol blue, within 1 hour the water would become yellow. Adding an aquatic plant to the water as well would prevent the color change.  This suggests that bromothymol blue turns yellow in the presence of excess
a.
carbon dioxide.
c.
urea
b.
oxygen.
d.
fish gills
 

 25. 
Yeast cells consume more sugar when their supply of oxygen is reduced because
a.
glycolysis slows down without oxygen.
b.
they release less energy from glucose without oxygen.
c.
they begin to store more fat and starch.
d.
they begin to require more alcohol.
 

 26. 
In photorespiration
a.
CO2 interferes with oxygen fixation.
b.
H2O interferes with oxygen fixation.
c.
O2 interferes with carbon fixation.
d.
H2O interferes with carbon fixation.
 
 
C6H12O6  +  6O2 ®  6CO2   +  6H2O + energy
 

 27. 
In the above reaction, which compound is the "final" electron acceptor?
a.
glucose
c.
carbon dioxide
b.
oxygen
d.
water
 

 28. 
Where does glycolysis occur?
a.
cytoplasm
c.
mitochondrial outer membrane
b.
matrix of mitochondria
d.
mitochondrial inner membrane
 

 29. 
Which stage is the main source of energy for anaerobic yeast cells?
a.
glycolysis
c.
Krebs cycle
b.
electron transport system
d.
all three stages
 
 


cellenergypracticet_files/i0360000.jpg

      Figure 05.01
 

 30. 
Refer to Figure 05.01.  If this diagram represents cell respiration, the energy comes from chemical bonds in foods that
a.
make carbon chains.
c.
change starch to sugars.
b.
link hydrogen to carbon.
d.
change sugars to glycogen.
 

 31. 
Refer to Figure 05.01.  If this diagram represents cell respiration, the waste is
a.
water.
b.
glucose.
c.
alcohol (or some other 3-carbon molecule).
d.
carbon dioxide and water.
 

 32. 
What is the effect of the flow of protons through the inner mitochondrial membrane on cell respiration?
a.
FADH2 is oxidized.
c.
NAD+ is reduced.
b.
Energy is provided to make ATP.
d.
A phosphate group is lost from ATP.
 

 33. 
Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living things?
a.
the ability to obtain nutrients and energy from the surrounding environment
b.
the ability to photosynthesize
c.
the ability to synthesize organic molecules
d.
the ability to use free energy to complete chemical reactions
 

 34. 
Organisms store energy in the form of
a.
heat energy.
c.
free energy.
b.
chemical energy.
d.
sunlight.
 

 35. 
The energy contained in food is converted to free energy by the process of
a.
photosynthesis.
c.
cellular respiration.
b.
decomposition.
d.
digestion.
 

 36. 
Which of the following statements about nutrients and energy is true?
a.
Nutrients and energy can be obtained from both living and nonliving sources.
b.
Energy can be obtained from both living and nonliving sources, but nutrients must be obtained from living sources.
c.
All organisms need energy, but only consumers need nutrients.
d.
Both producers and consumers need energy, but only decomposers need nutrients.
 

 37. 
In a pond ecosystem, which of the following would be considered an abiotic factor?
a.
the algae growing in the shallow areas of the pond
b.
the fish
c.
bacteria that live in the sediments at the bottom of the pond
d.
the nutrients that exist in the sediments at the bottom of the pond
 

 38. 
All Earth’s ecosystems together make up the
a.
biosphere.
c.
atmosphere.
b.
community.
d.
biotic world.
 
 


cellenergypracticet_files/i0460000.jpg

      Figure 02.01
 

 39. 
Refer to Figure 02.01.  Which organisms are able to get their energy from nonliving sources?
a.
grasses
c.
bacteria
b.
mice
d.
shrews
 

 40. 
Refer to Figure 02.01.  The bacteria and toadstools
a.
are heterotrophs that rely on dead organisms for energy and nutrients.
b.
are autotrophs that are able to obtain energy from nonliving sources.
c.
are producers because they return nutrients to the soil.
d.
provide food for the grasses.
 

 41. 
Enzymes are required for most chemical reactions in living cells because
a.
most chemical reactions require a higher activation energy when no enzymes are present.
b.
cells are unable to use catalysts to start a reaction.
c.
the pH of the cell must be adjusted by the enzyme before it can start a reaction.
d.
the temperature of the cell may vary.
 

 42. 
Which of the following best describes the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
a.
For enzyme activity to be high, the cell must become as warm as possible.
b.
For enzyme activity to be high, the cell must become as cool as possible.
c.
For enzyme activity to be high, the cell must remain within a narrow range of temperatures.
d.
Temperature is not important, since the role of enzymes is to overcome the need for activation energy.
 
 
In the experiment described below, water was added to each of five test tubes, followed by yeast and sucrose. Sucrose is a double sugar, consisting of two simple sugars bonded together. One of the test tubes was boiled after the yeast was added, and one was chilled. After 10 minutes, the presence of glucose, a simple sugar, was determined. The experimental results are shown in the last column.

Test tube
Water added
Living yeast added
Sucrose added
Temperature treatment
Presence of glucose after 10 minutes
1
yes
no
no
room temperature
none present
2
yes
yes
no
room temperature
none present
3
yes
no
yes
room temperature
none present
4
yes
yes
yes
room temperature
glucose present
5
yes
yes
yes
test tube boiled after yeast added
none present
6
yes
yes
yes
test tube chilled after yeast added
trace of glucose present
 

 43. 
Refer to the information above.  One possible conclusion that can be drawn from these data is
a.
living yeast are not able to convert sucrose into glucose.
b.
sucrose is not necessary to produce glucose.
c.
living yeast have the ability to convert sucrose to glucose.
d.
glucose may be present in water.
 

 44. 
Refer to the information above.  The breakdown of sucrose into glucose is best described as a
a.
synthesis reaction.
c.
substrate reaction.
b.
decomposition reaction.
d.
free-energy reaction.
 

 45. 
The energy packed into an ATP molecule is normally released when bonds between ____ are broken.
a.
two phosphate groups
b.
adenine and ribose
c.
ribose and the first phosphate group
d.
adenine and the first phosphate group
 

 46. 
Oxidation is best described as
a.
the addition of oxygen to a molecule.
b.
the addition of electrons to a molecule.
c.
the formation of glycogen from glucose.
d.
the removal of electrons from a molecule.
 

 47. 
One way that cells are not able to use ATP is
a.
to remove wastes.
b.
to supply activation energy.
c.
to allow the organism to move from one place to another.
d.
to store energy for the future.
 

 48. 
Most plants rely on intracellular digestion because
a.
they are digesting the food they made themselves in their own cells.
b.
they lack the necessary enzymes for extracellular digestion.
c.
they are able to extract more energy from their food when they rely on intracellular digestion.
d.
they only consume very small molecules that easily fit inside the cell.
 

 49. 
Which of the following would result if peristalsis stopped?
a.
Food would enter the trachea.
b.
Protein would not be digested properly.
c.
Carbohydrates would not be digested properly.
d.
Food would stop moving through the digestive tract.
 

 50. 
Water is removed from food and absorbed back into the body in
a.
the small intestine.
c.
the stomach.
b.
the large intestine.
d.
the kidneys.
 

 51. 
Fats are digested in
a.
the stomach.
b.
the small intestine.
c.
the large intestine.
d.
both the stomach and the small intestine.
 

 52. 
Which of the following is not an end product of digestion in humans?
a.
amino acids
c.
glycerol
b.
fatty acids
d.
sucrose
 



 
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