True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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| 1. | Giving someone the wrong blood type causes coagulation and clotting.
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| 2. | The
presence of the Rhesus Factor makes your blood type 'negative'.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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| 3. | The
cell membrane regulates the flow of a. | water, nutrients, and waste products. | b. | water,
nutrients, and light. | c. | blood, nutrients, and waste products. | d. | cytoplasm,
water, and waste products. | | |
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| 4. | Cell
membranes are composed of layers of a. | phospholipids and sugars. | c. | carbohydrates and amino acids. | b. | amino acids and
sugars. | d. | phospholipids
and proteins. | | | | |
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| 5. | Glycolipids and glycoproteins embedded in membranes a. | connect the cell
to surrounding cells. | b. | control the flow of water into and out of the
cell. | c. | control the flow of nutrients into the
cell. | d. | act as antennae to receive chemical
messages. | | |
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| 6. | One-way travel along an axon is maintained by a. | the
neuron’s being stimulated at either end. | b. | opening gated
channels in a particular order | c. | a central mechanism found in the
brain. | d. | the nature of differing impulses. | | |
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| 7. | Can a
person with type A blood safely receive a transfusion of type O blood? a. | No, blood types
must be identical. | b. | Yes, there are no A and B surface proteins on the type O blood
cells. | c. | Yes, there are no antibodies in the type O
blood. | d. | No, type A blood has anti-O
antibodies. | | |
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| 8. | The
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules through a cell membrane is an example
of a. | active
transport. | c. | facilitated
diffusion. | b. | passive transport. | d. | osmosis. | | | | |
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| 9. | The
main source of energy for active transport is a. | turgor pressure. | c. | hydrolysis of ATP. | b. | osmosis. | d. | diffusion of
carbon dioxide. | | | | |
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| 10. | The
organelle that is used for digestion is the a. | ribosome. | c. | vacuole. | b. | lysosome. | d. | nucleus. | | | | |
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| 11. | An
impulse can be transferred from one neuron to another neuron by a. | a
neurotransmitter. | c. | direct physical
contact. | b. | an enzyme. | d. | a stimulant. | | | | |
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| 12. | A
malfunctioning immune system cannot discriminate between a. | antibodies and
antigens. | b. | self molecules and foreign antigens. | c. | inflammation and
infections. | d. | cells and tissues. | | |
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| 13. | Which
of the following disease-causing organisms would have the most devastating effect? a. | an organism that
has a great variety of antigens | b. | an organism that has many copies of only one
antigen | c. | an organism that changes its antigens
regularly | d. | an organism that has one antigens | | |
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| 14. | The
difference between antigens and antibodies is that antigens. a. | are human-made
whereas antibodies are natural. | b. | are found on microbes and antibodies are found in
humans. | c. | cause disease and antibodies cause
infection. | d. | are found on invaders and antibodies are produced by the
host. | | |
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| 15. | A
person with type AB blood has a. | type A antigens on some red blood cells and type B antigens on
others. | b. | type A antigens and type B
antibodies. | c. | type B antigens and type B
antibodies. | d. | both type A and type B antigens on all red blood
cells. | | |
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| 16. | When
incompatible blood types are mixed, red blood cells clump. Clumping is caused by which substances in
the recipient’s plasma? a. | nucleic acids | c. | enzymes | b. | antibodies | d. | alleles | | | | |
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| 17. | Cells
that have not yet differentiated to be specialized are known as a. | mitotic
cells | c. | somatic
cells | b. | fetal cells | d. | stem cells | | | | |
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| 18. | Molecules diffuse across a concentration gradient because they a. | are attracted to
one another by chemical processes. | b. | are repelled by one another by chemical
processes. | c. | are moving randomly throughout the
system. | d. | are more stable when separated from one
another. | | |
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| 19. | The
ammonium ion (NH4+) is a. | an essential nutrient for cell
growth. | b. | a potentially toxic waste that must be
removed. | c. | a component of the cell membrane. | d. | a component of
phospholipids. | | |
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| 20. | The
passage of materials into and out of the cell is regulated by a. | the cell
membrane. | c. | the
cytoplasm. | b. | the cell nucleus. | d. | the glomerular capsule. | | | | |
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| 21. | Bacterial cells are prevented from swelling too much by their a. | cell
walls. | c. | glycoproteins. | b. | cell membranes. | d. | gills. | | | | |
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| 22. | Concentration gradients can form across a cell membrane because a. | entropy favors
concentration gradients. | b. | membranes are selectively permeable. | c. | the cell
membrane is soluble. | d. | oxygen can pass through the cell
walls. | | |
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| 23. | Facilitated diffusion works a. | against the concentration gradient. | b. | with the
concentration gradient. | c. | independent of the concentration
gradient. | d. | toward the high concentration of protein
molecules. | | |
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| 24. | Endocytosis and exocytosis a. | supply energy to the cell. | c. | require a concentration gradient. | b. | need energy from
the cell. | d. | require
sunlight. | | | | |
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| 25. | Fish
must keep water moving rapidly over their gills because a. | carbon dioxide
forms a weak acid in water. | b. | water has a low oxygen concentration. | c. | water
temperature and body temperature differ. | d. | salt in the water otherwise encrusts the
gills. | | |
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| 26. | Why
would breathing through gills be a disadvantage to land animals? a. | Gills have too
little surface area for gas diffusion in air. | b. | Gills would dry
out quickly in the air. | c. | The animal must remain near a body of
water. | d. | Air contains too little oxygen for efficient gas
exchange. | | |
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| 27. | The
principal function of alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs is to a. | provide a large
surface area for gas exchange. | b. | warm the air before it is taken up by the circulatory
system. | c. | filter harmful bacteria out of the air taken in by the
lungs. | d. | separate the lungs into oxygen-providing and
carbon-dioxide-removing sections. | | |
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| 28. | Humans will suffocate if their lungs fill with water because a. | oxygen
concentration in water is too low to sustain metabolism. | b. | carbon dioxide
will not diffuse from blood to water. | c. | lungs will exchange gases only if the tissues are
dry. | d. | the brain sends
signals that stop blood circulation. | | |
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Figure
03.02
In the first
trial of this experiment, a human subject breathed normal air. Two more trials were then
done—one with 100% O2 and one with 92% O2 combined with 8%
CO2.
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| 29. | Refer
to Figure 03.02. Breathing rate increases when the subject breathes 92% O2 and 8%
CO2. a. | a logical
hypothesis based on the data | b. | a hypothesis contradictory to the
data | c. | a hypothesis
about which this experiment provides no evidence | d. | a restatement of
the data | | |
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| 30. | Refer
to Figure 03.02. The breathing rate of a rat increases slightly in 100%
O2. a. | a logical
hypothesis based on the data | b. | a hypothesis contradictory to the
data | c. | a hypothesis
about which this experiment provides no evidence | d. | a restatement of
the data | | |
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| 31. | Refer
to Figure 03.02. An increased concentration of CO2 stimulates an increased breathing
rate in humans. a. | a logical
hypothesis based on the data | b. | a hypothesis contradictory to the
data | c. | a hypothesis
about which this experiment provides no evidence | d. | a restatement of
the data | | |
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| 32. | To
deliver the large amount of oxygen that birds need for flight, their gas-exchange system
uses a. | extremely large
lungs. | b. | gills like those of fish. | c. | a chamber that
mixes inhaled and exhaled air. | d. | chambers that prevent mixing of inhaled and exhaled
air. | | |
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| 33. | When
plants do not obtain enough water from their roots, their stomates a. | open to allow
water to enter. | b. | close to prevent water loss. | c. | open to allow
carbon dioxide to enter. | d. | close to prevent carbon dioxide loss. | | |
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| 34. | Paramecium uses a contractile vacuole to a. | eliminate excess
salts from the cell. | b. | obtain carbon dioxide from water. | c. | obtain oxygen
from water. | d. | eliminate excess water from the cell. | | |
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| 35. | The
primary excretory organs of ocean fishes are their a. | gills. | c. | intestines. | b. | kidneys. | d. | scales. | | | | |
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| 36. | Many
animals that live in saltwater tend to lose body water to the higher salt concentrations outside
their bodies. To control this loss, ocean fishes usually a. | stay near the
surface, where evaporation reduces the salt concentration. | b. | absorb ocean
salt in order to increase their salt concentration. | c. | absorb ocean
water and excrete the salt from their cells. | d. | spend part of
their time near the shore, where fresh water empties into the ocean. | | |
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| 37. | The
three major types of nitrogenous wastes excreted by animals are a. | amino acids,
urea, and ammonia. | c. | urea, uric acid,
and uracil. | b. | ammonia, urea, and uric acid. | d. | uric acid, ammonia, and uracil. | | | | |
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| 38. | Grasshoppers and other animals that inhabit dry land environments conserve body water
partly by a. | avoiding direct
sunlight. | c. | secreting a
fluid from their mouths. | b. | being active by night. | d. | excreting insoluble uric-acid
crystals. | | | | |
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| 39. | One
function of the human kidneys is to a. | regulate elimination of waste from the digestive
tract. | b. | control the concentrations of substances in the
blood. | c. | convert urea into ammonia and uric
acid. | d. | regulate the production of secretions by the
liver. | | |
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| 40. | Drinking only a liquid high in salt, such as seawater, can cause death
because a. | salt prevents
the kidneys from removing wastes. | b. | seawater contains toxic compounds. | c. | salt causes the
body to retain too much water. | d. | too much water is used to eliminate salt from the
body. | | |
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| 41. | If a
person or an animal becomes dehydrated, a. | their cells swell because of retained
water. | b. | ADH is released into the bloodstream. | c. | sodium and
potassium ions are eliminated from the body. | d. | lung cells
become more permeable to water. | | |
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| 42. | The leaf of
a plant is a/(an) a. | tissue. | c. | organ
system. | b. | organ. | d. | organism. | | | | |
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| 43. | The
part of the neuron that receives a signal a. | axon | c. | cell body | b. | axon
terminal | d. | dendrite | | | | |
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| 44. | Which
of the following blood types is known as the 'universal recipient'
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| 45. | Turgor pressure refers to a. | the pressure of osmosis flowing through the cell
membrane | c. | the pressure of
the solute concentration on the outside of the cell membrane | b. | the internal
pressure of fluid in a cell pressing against the cell wall | d. | the pressure created by the cilia pushing fluid along the cell
membrane | | | | |
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| 46. | Rigor
mortis can be explained by a. | myosin heads requiring ATP to detach from
actin | c. | cells requiring
oxygen to activate enzymes | b. | Na/K pumps requiring ATP to reset
muscles | d. | enzymes breaking
down body proteins during decomposition | | | | |
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Matching
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Match the
letters on the diagram to the proper label
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| 47. | axon
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Match the parts listed below to the letter on the diagram
above.
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| 48. | diaphragm
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Match
the type of imaging to the item it uses to create its image. (answers may be used once, more than
once, or not at all) a. | electrons | d. | sound | b. | light | e. | x-rays | c. | magnets | | | | |
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| 49. | CT
scan
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| 50. | MRI
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| 51. | ultrasound
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| 52. | compound microscope
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| 53. | electron microscope
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| 54. | iris
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