True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
|
|
| 1. | Giving someone the wrong blood type causes coagulation and clotting.
|
|
| 2. | The
presence of the Rhesus Factor makes your blood type 'negative'.
|
Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
| 3. | The
cell membrane regulates the flow of a. | water, nutrients, and waste products. | b. | water,
nutrients, and light. | c. | blood, nutrients, and waste products. | d. | cytoplasm,
water, and waste products. | | |
|
|
| 4. | Cell
membranes are composed of layers of a. | phospholipids and sugars. | c. | carbohydrates and amino acids. | b. | amino acids and
sugars. | d. | phospholipids
and proteins. | | | | |
|
|
| 5. | Glycolipids and glycoproteins embedded in membranes a. | connect the cell
to surrounding cells. | b. | control the flow of water into and out of the
cell. | c. | control the flow of nutrients into the
cell. | d. | act as antennae to receive chemical
messages. | | |
|
|
| 6. | One-way travel along an axon is maintained by a. | the
neuron’s being stimulated at either end. | b. | opening gated
channels in a particular order | c. | a central mechanism found in the
brain. | d. | the nature of differing impulses. | | |
|
|
| 7. | Can a
person with type A blood safely receive a transfusion of type O blood? a. | No, blood types
must be identical. | b. | Yes, there are no A and B surface proteins on the type O blood
cells. | c. | Yes, there are no antibodies in the type O
blood. | d. | No, type A blood has anti-O
antibodies. | | |
|
|
| 8. | The
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules through a cell membrane is an example
of a. | active
transport. | c. | facilitated
diffusion. | b. | passive transport. | d. | osmosis. | | | | |
|
|
| 9. | The
main source of energy for active transport is a. | turgor pressure. | c. | hydrolysis of ATP. | b. | osmosis. | d. | diffusion of
carbon dioxide. | | | | |
|
|
| 10. | The
organelle that is used for digestion is the a. | ribosome. | c. | vacuole. | b. | lysosome. | d. | nucleus. | | | | |
|
|
| 11. | An
impulse can be transferred from one neuron to another neuron by a. | a
neurotransmitter. | c. | direct physical
contact. | b. | an enzyme. | d. | a stimulant. | | | | |
|
|
| 12. | A
malfunctioning immune system cannot discriminate between a. | antibodies and
antigens. | b. | self molecules and foreign antigens. | c. | inflammation and
infections. | d. | cells and tissues. | | |
|
|
| 13. | The
difference between antigens and antibodies is that antigens. a. | are human-made
whereas antibodies are natural. | b. | are found on microbes and antibodies are found in
humans. | c. | cause disease and antibodies cause
infection. | d. | are found on invaders and antibodies are produced by the
host. | | |
|
|
| 14. | A
person with type AB blood has a. | type A antigens on some red blood cells and type B antigens on
others. | b. | type A antigens and type B
antibodies. | c. | type B antigens and type B
antibodies. | d. | both type A and type B antigens on all red blood
cells. | | |
|
|
| 15. | Cells
that have not yet differentiated to be specialized are known as a. | mitotic
cells | c. | somatic
cells | b. | fetal cells | d. | stem cells | | | | |
|
|
| 16. | The
passage of materials into and out of the cell is regulated by a. | the cell
membrane. | c. | the
cytoplasm. | b. | the cell nucleus. | d. | the glomerular capsule. | | | | |
|
|
| 17. | Bacterial cells are prevented from swelling too much by their a. | cell
walls. | c. | glycoproteins. | b. | cell membranes. | d. | gills. | | | | |
|
|
| 18. | Concentration gradients can form across a cell membrane because a. | entropy favors
concentration gradients. | b. | membranes are selectively permeable. | c. | the cell
membrane is soluble. | d. | oxygen can pass through the cell
walls. | | |
|
|
| 19. | Facilitated diffusion works a. | against the concentration gradient. | b. | with the
concentration gradient. | c. | independent of the concentration
gradient. | d. | toward the high concentration of protein
molecules. | | |
|
|
| 20. | Endocytosis and exocytosis a. | supply energy to the cell. | c. | require a concentration gradient. | b. | need energy from
the cell. | d. | require
sunlight. | | | | |
|
|
| 21. | Fish
must keep water moving rapidly over their gills because a. | carbon dioxide
forms a weak acid in water. | b. | water has a low oxygen concentration. | c. | water
temperature and body temperature differ. | d. | salt in the water otherwise encrusts the
gills. | | |
|
|
| 22. | Why
would breathing through gills be a disadvantage to land animals? a. | Gills have too
little surface area for gas diffusion in air. | b. | Gills would dry
out quickly in the air. | c. | The animal must remain near a body of
water. | d. | Air contains too little oxygen for efficient gas
exchange. | | |
|
|
| 23. | The
principal function of alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs is to a. | provide a large
surface area for gas exchange. | b. | warm the air before it is taken up by the circulatory
system. | c. | filter harmful bacteria out of the air taken in by the
lungs. | d. | separate the lungs into oxygen-providing and
carbon-dioxide-removing sections. | | |
|
|
| 24. | Humans will suffocate if their lungs fill with water because a. | oxygen
concentration in water is too low to sustain metabolism. | b. | carbon dioxide
will not diffuse from blood to water. | c. | lungs will exchange gases only if the tissues are
dry. | d. | the brain sends
signals that stop blood circulation. | | |
|
|
|
Figure
03.02
In the first
trial of this experiment, a human subject breathed normal air. Two more trials were then
done—one with 100% O2 and one with 92% O2 combined with 8%
CO2.
|
|
| 25. | Refer
to Figure 03.02. Breathing rate increases when the subject breathes 92% O2 and 8%
CO2. a. | a logical
hypothesis based on the data | b. | a hypothesis contradictory to the
data | c. | a hypothesis
about which this experiment provides no evidence | d. | a restatement of
the data | | |
|
|
| 26. | Refer
to Figure 03.02. The breathing rate of a rat increases slightly in 100%
O2. a. | a logical
hypothesis based on the data | b. | a hypothesis contradictory to the
data | c. | a hypothesis
about which this experiment provides no evidence | d. | a restatement of
the data | | |
|
|
| 27. | Refer
to Figure 03.02. An increased concentration of CO2 stimulates an increased breathing
rate in humans. a. | a logical
hypothesis based on the data | b. | a hypothesis contradictory to the
data | c. | a hypothesis
about which this experiment provides no evidence | d. | a restatement of
the data | | |
|
|
| 28. | To
deliver the large amount of oxygen that birds need for flight, their gas-exchange system
uses a. | extremely large
lungs. | b. | gills like those of fish. | c. | a chamber that
mixes inhaled and exhaled air. | d. | chambers that prevent mixing of inhaled and exhaled
air. | | |
|
|
| 29. | Paramecium uses a contractile vacuole to a. | eliminate excess
salts from the cell. | b. | obtain carbon dioxide from water. | c. | obtain oxygen
from water. | d. | eliminate excess water from the cell. | | |
|
|
| 30. | The
primary excretory organs of ocean fishes are their a. | gills. | c. | intestines. | b. | kidneys. | d. | scales. | | | | |
|
|
| 31. | Many
animals that live in saltwater tend to lose body water to the higher salt concentrations outside
their bodies. To control this loss, ocean fishes usually a. | stay near the
surface, where evaporation reduces the salt concentration. | b. | absorb ocean
salt in order to increase their salt concentration. | c. | absorb ocean
water and excrete the salt from their cells. | d. | spend part of
their time near the shore, where fresh water empties into the ocean. | | |
|
|
| 32. | The
three major types of nitrogenous wastes excreted by animals are a. | amino acids,
urea, and ammonia. | c. | urea, uric acid,
and uracil. | b. | ammonia, urea, and uric acid. | d. | uric acid, ammonia, and uracil. | | | | |
|
|
| 33. | One
function of the human kidneys is to a. | regulate elimination of waste from the digestive
tract. | b. | control the concentrations of substances in the
blood. | c. | convert urea into ammonia and uric
acid. | d. | regulate the production of secretions by the
liver. | | |
|
|
| 34. | The
part of the neuron that receives a signal a. | axon | c. | cell body | b. | axon
terminal | d. | dendrite | | | | |
|
|
| 35. | Which
of the following blood types is known as the 'universal recipient'
|
|
| 36. | Turgor pressure refers to a. | the pressure of osmosis flowing through the cell
membrane | c. | the pressure of
the solute concentration on the outside of the cell membrane | b. | the internal
pressure of fluid in a cell pressing against the cell wall | d. | the pressure created by the cilia pushing fluid along the cell
membrane | | | | |
|
|
| 37. | Drinking only a liquid high in salt, such as seawater, can cause death
because a. | salt prevents
the kidneys from removing wastes. | b. | seawater contains toxic compounds. | c. | salt causes the
body to retain too much water. | d. | too much water is used to eliminate salt from the
body. | | |
|
|
|
Ammonia is a very toxic waste product unless it is diluted. Urea is
less toxic than ammonia, and uric acid is nontoxic because it does not dissolve on moist cell or
tissue surfaces. Ammonia and urea are soluble in water. Uric acid is insoluble and, therefore,
requires little or no water for its excretion.
|
|
| 38. | Refer
to the information above. Where would an animal that excretes ammonia live? a. | in
water | b. | in land habitats of moderate moisture | c. | in deserts or
other arid regions | d. | both on land and in water | | |
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match the
letters on the diagram to the proper label
|
|
| 39. | axon
|