True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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| 1. | Efferent nerve fibers may be
described as motor nerve fibers.
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| 2. | During depolarization, the
inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.
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| 3. | Neurons do not undergo mitosis
in any part of an adult human.
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| 4. | Endorphins are peptides that
act like morphine.
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| 5. | The nodes of Ranvier are found
only on myelinated neurons.
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| 6. | Temporal summation occurs when
the postsynaptic neuron is being stimulated by a large number of terminals from the same or different
neurons at the same time.
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| 7. | The parasympathetic division is
a branch of the somatic nervous system.
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| 8. | Neurotransmitters can be removed from the synapse by enzymes.
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| 9. | When
a neuron depolarizes, its membrane potential moves from -70 toward -90.
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| 10. | The
space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another is called the neural
gap.
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| 11. | It is
better for the animal life if a pond or lake is stagnant.
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| 12. | The
neurotoxin Saxitoxin causes damage by blocking sodium gates.
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| 13. | Positron emission tomography can be used to determine what part of the brain is active
during different mental and physical activities.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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| 14. | Direct-acting
neurotransmitters a. | mediate very slow
responses. | b. | open ion channels to provoke rapid responses. | c. | act through second messengers. | d. | require cyclic AMP. | | |
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| 15. | An excitatory neurotransmitter
secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is a. | gamma aminobutyric acid. | c. | cholinesterase. | b. | acetylcholine. | d. | norepinephrine. | | | | |
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| 16. | The role of
acetylcholinesterase is to a. | act as a transmitting agent. | b. | destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal
endings. | c. | amplify or enhance the effect of ACh. | d. | stimulate the production of serotonin. | | |
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| 17. | Which of the following is not a
function of the autonomic nervous system? a. | innervation of glands | b. | innervation of skeletal muscle | c. | innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive
tract | d. | innervation of cardiac muscle | | |
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| 18. | Saltatory conduction is made
possible by a. | the myelin
sheath. | c. | large nerve fibers. | b. | diphasic impulses. | d. | erratic transmission of nerve impulses. | | | | |
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| 19. | In what way does the interior
surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment?
The interior is a. | positively charged and contains less
sodium. | b. | negatively charged and contains less sodium. | c. | positively charged and contains more sodium. | d. | negatively charged and contains more sodium. | | |
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| 20. | Choose the statement that is
most correct about membrane potential. a. | Voltage is measured by placing one electrode inside the membrane and another outside
the membrane. | b. | Voltage is measured by placing one electrode on one end of the axon and another
electrode on the other end. | c. | Voltage is measured by placing two electrodes on the exterior of the
axon. | d. | Voltage is measured by placing one electrode on the axon and grounding the other
electrode. | | |
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| 21. | If a motor neuron in the body
were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon a. | the impulse would move to the axon terminal
only. | b. | muscle contraction would occur. | c. | the impulse would spread bidirectionally. | d. | Both a and c are correct. | | |
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| 22. | Immediately after an action
potential has peaked which cellular gates open? a. | chloride | c. | calcium | b. | potassium | d. | sodium | | | | |
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| 23. | Potentially damaging stimuli
that result in pain are selectively detected by a. | interoceptors. | c. | nociceptors. | b. | photoreceptors. | d. | proprioceptors. | | | | |
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| 24. | Meissner's
corpuscles a. | are found primarily in connective
tissue. | c. | are interoceptors. | b. | are anatomically unencapsulated. | d. | are mechanoreceptors. | | | | |
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| 25. | Which statement is
true? a. | Stimulus strength is encoded by action potential
amplitude. | b. | Stimulus strength is encoded by action potential frequency. | c. | Receptor potentials are essentially the same as inhibitory
postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). | d. | Subthreshold receptor potentials become generator
potentials. | | |
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| 26. | Which receptors adapt most
slowly? a. | smell
receptors | c. | nociceptors | b. | pressure receptors | d. | touch receptors | | | | |
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| 27. | Axonal terminals at the
neuromuscular junction a. | contain synaptic vesicles filled with ACh. | b. | contain one bouton for each motor end plate. | c. | release mitochondria into the synaptic
cleft. | d. | are stimulated to release their neurotransmitter by inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
(IPSPs). | | |
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| 28. | Which of the following is not a
result of parasympathetic stimulation? a. | salivation | b. | dilation of the pupils | c. | increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera | d. | relaxation of the urethral sphincter | | |
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 Figure 1-1
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| 29. | In
figure 1-1 above, diagram ‘A’ would be considered negatively charged
overall
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| 30. | In
figure 1-1 above, situation ‘C’ is ______ compared to ‘A’ and
‘B’ a. | depolarized
| c. | hyperpolarized | b. | repolarized | | | | |
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| 31. | Which
of the following is/are true about an action potential (choose all that
apply) a. | start at the
axon hillock | b. | occur due to summation of graded
potentials | c. | all action potentials have the same
intensity | d. | none of the above are true about action
potentials | | |
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| 32. | Which
of the following are the correct order from superficial to deep a. | perineurium,
epineurium, endoneurium, neuron | b. | neuron, endoneurium, perineurium,
epineurium | c. | epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium,
neuron | d. | endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium,
neuron | | |
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| 33. | Which
of the following is not a property of nervous tissue a. | long
lifespan | c. | conducts
impulses | b. | high metabolic rate | d. | these are all properties of nervous
tissue | | | | |
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| 34. | Which
of the following are support cells in the central nervous system a. | schwann
cells | c. | neuroglia | b. | myelin | d. | interneurons | | | | |
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| 35. | Which
of the following neurotransmitters is involved in inflammation a. | dopamine | c. | histamine | b. | GABA | d. | serotonin | | | | |
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| 36. | An
organism such as a mosquito or tick that transmits disease would be called a a. | pathogen | c. | transmitter | b. | vector | d. | spreader | | | | |
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Matching
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Match the neuron
part to its correct letter on the diagram above
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| 37. | axon
terminals
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| 38. | cell
body
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| 39. | myelin
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Match
the drug to its action in the brain a. | alcohol | d. | heroin | b. | marijuana | e. | LSD | c. | cocaine | | | | |
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| 40. | Blocks dopamine reuptake pumps, prolonging dopamine’s effects
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| 41. | Binds
to opiate receptors, inhibits the inhibition of dopamine
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Match
the drug to its method of intake (choose all that apply) a. | ingest | c. | inject | b. | inhale | d. | snort | | | | |
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| 42. | cocaine
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| 43. | GHB
and Rohypnol
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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| | 44. | That part of the nervous system
that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous
system.
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| | 45. | The gap between Schwann cells
in the peripheral system is called a(n) ________.
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| | 46. | ________ potentials are
short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or
hyperpolarized.
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| | 47. | The perineurium defines the
boundary of a ________.
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| | 48. | The parasympathetic division
uses only ________ as a neurotransmitter in the postganglionic neurons.
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| | 49. | The sympathetic division is
referred to as the ________ system.
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Short Answer
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| | 50. | Imagine a neuron that has
several hundred axonal knobs impinging on it. The majority of these axonal knobs are shown to be
"firing." However, the neuron in question does not transmit an impulse. Give a valid
explanation of why this could occur.
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| | 51. | What is the benefit of having
the nerve supply of the diaphragm, which is located in the thoracic-lumbar area of the spinal cord,
arise from cervical nerves?
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| | 52. | How does accommodation of
muscle spindles figure in the importance of stretch routines as a warm-up for exercise?
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| | 53. | How is hypertension (high blood
pressure) related to the ANS?
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Case
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| | 54. | Mr. Smith staggered home after
a long night at the local pub. While attempting to navigate the stairs, he passed out cold and lay
all night with his right armpit straddling the staircase bannister. When he awoke the next morning,
he had a severe headache, but what bothered him more was that he had no sensation in his right arm
and hand. Explain what caused this symptom in his arm.
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| | 55. | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a
disease in which the myelin sheaths are destroyed. With what process does this interfere and what
would be the consequence?
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| | 56. | While working in the emergency
room you receive two patients who were in an automobile accident. One is dead on arrival, having
suffered a transaction of the spinal cord at the level of C2. The other patient suffered a similar
injury but at the level of C6 and is still alive. Explain briefly in terms of phrenic nerve origin
and function why one injury was fatal while the other was not.
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| | 57. | Ralph sustained a leg injury in
a bowling accident and had to use crutches. Unfortunately, he never took the time to learn how to use
them properly. After two weeks of use, he noticed his fingers were becoming numb. Shortly, his arms
were getting weaker and tingling. What could be his problem.
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| | 58. | Carla was startled by an
extremely loud bang that sounded like a gunshot. Her heartbeat accelerated rapidly. When she found
that the noise was only a car backfiring, she felt greatly relieved but her heart kept beating
heavily for over half an hour. Why did this happen?
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Essay
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| | 59. | Not a
real question but...
The WebAnatomy site has excellent practice for this
test - better than any questions I would make up. You should particularly concentrate on the
following URL...
http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/Webanatomy/nervous/default.html (there are a lot of links
here you can click - neuron, brain, spinal cord, action potential physiology)
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